Category Archives: Dying

Post #41 – So, how to measure how close to optimal is your health? Or, how quickly are you aging?

19 Sunday Jul 2015

Posted by in Aging, Dying, Life-Span, Living to 120, Mental Health, Nutrition, Optimal Exercise, Puposely Living, Vitality, wellness

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“How old are you?” someone asks. Number of years since birth is the generally the answer – that is your Chronological Age or CA.

But how hold do you feel? How old do you act? How old do you look? That is your Biological Age or BA.

Wouldn’t it be nice to actually be able to measure your biological age?

CA and BA is the difference between being 40 year old and going on 60. Or, may be being 60 year old and going on 40.

Wouldn’t it be more useful to have a single number like BA, than understanding individual factors like your total cholesterol, HDL, A1c, VO2 Max, etc?

Recently, in the media there has been a buzz about a recent research published by scientists led by Duke University School of Medicine about measuring biological age. For example, see the article in WSJ: How Quickly Are You Growing Old?

Now there are a quite a few websites, where you answer a bunch of question and they will tell you, your biological age as compared to your chronological age.

For example, here are three such sites, I tried (my CA is 60.9 years):

http://www.biological-age.com/ calculated my biological age as 36

https://www.sharecare.com told me my BA was 53.6.

http://www.growyouthful.com/gettestinfo.php said my BA was 46.

Each of the sites followed up with advice and helpful hints on what I could start or stop doing to further increase my expected health and lifespan.

Unfortunately, none of these websites show exactly what they do with the information you provide and how they arrive at the number they call Biological Age.

But this recent study, “Quantification of biological aging in young adults”, by Daniel W. Belsky et al, is very rigorous treatment of this subject and gives you all the details behind the curtain. And, for me, these details are not only fascinating but actually quite useful to understand what matters for biological age to start diverging from chronological age. In other words, what slows down or speed up aging.

The study calculated the aging rate of 954 men and women—taking various measurements of their bodies’ health—when they were each 26, 32 and 38 in chronological years. By analyzing how these measures changed over time, the researchers were able to see who aged faster and who slower than normal.

To measure the pace of biological aging, which the study defined as the declining integrity of multiple organ systems, the researchers relied on 18 separate biomarkers, summarized in figure below.

These ranged from common measures such as HDL-cholesterol levels and mean arterial blood pressure to more obscure ones like the length of telomeres—the protective caps on the ends of chromosomes that shorten with age.

Go on in Years

Chronological age of all participants was 38 years. However, researchers found that the biological ages varied from 26 years to 60 years.

For measuring how fast people aged, they calculated aging over 12 years. About 30 percent aged biologically one year for every calendar year. There were those who aged as much as 3 years for every calendar year. And, there were four members of the group who aged not at all or actually got biologically younger during the 12 year period.

BOTTOMLINE:

Finding one’s Biological Age is a fascinating concept and can be very useful in optimizing health and life span. However, this is not an exact science just yet, although good strides are being made in research.

However, if you want to focus on living optimally, you can focus on changing your lifestyle to optimize the basic 18 or so biomarkers used in this study. Most of these can be impacted by lifestyle choices. Only 20% depend upon genetics.

Proper food, hydration, exercise, supplements and medical care are the key methods to managing these primary biomarkers.

Websites that compute biological ages also suggest additional actionable items that seem to strongly correlate to optimal health span and life span. These include:

  1. Optimal sleep (7 to 9 hours)
  2. Reduced stress (meditation, perspective management)
  3. Reduced exposure to toxins (organic food, reduced use of chemicals, clean water)
  4. Increased social contact (having friends, family, living with a life partner)
  5. Purposeful living (satisfying work, hobbies, social endeavors)

What is your take on this subject?

Please feel free to leave comment to share your perspective.

Post #4 – Is it even possible to live to 120? – Part II

23 Sunday Mar 2014

Posted by in Dying, Life-Span, Living to 120

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In the last post on this topic, I concluded that

“As an optimist, when I look at this data, it looks very encouraging to me. First, it is definitely viable to live to 120. It has already been done! Like the four-minute mile, someone has already shown the way.

Second, an increasing number of people are approaching that age with an increasing rate. So, at this rate, I expect by the time my time arrives, dying at 120 will be as routine as dying at 100 today! It might not be very common, but it might not be that rare.”

While I make this informal and what seems like a rather obvious deduction from the data, some folks disagree.

James F. Fries and Lawrence M. Crapo in their book on Vitality and Aging make a compelling argument: while life expectancy has been increasing over the last many decades life-span has been fixed (for all practical purposes – increasing only by 0.1 year per century).

So, intuitively, the chart below may be how one would be tempted to guess the shape of life expectancy curves.

Figure 1
However, they argue, that it is the chart below that corresponds to the reality.

Figure 2

Thus according to their conclusion, while on an average humans are living longer and longer, we are still stuck at dying by the age of 100.

Presenting the data from another perspective in the chart below, as we graph number of deaths against age of death, we observe a normal or Gaussian distribution around certain age at which number of deaths peak. As the life expectancy keeps increasing the curve would look like the IDEAL curve below.

Figure 3

And, as that happens, graph of percent survial rate against age will become “rectanguar” as shown below.

Figure 4

This implies that as we conquer chronic diseases, we will live a healthy long life after which we will succumb very quickly to the forces of nature, within the bounds of a very few years. And, that will define an ideal “natural” death. As we hit certain time limit, all of the cells in the body may burst together like soap bubbles.

Fries and Crapo wrote their book in 1981. So I thought, with all the new research in the last 30+ years, maybe they have changed their mind.

In a more recent review article in the Journal of Aging Research, Compression of Morbidity 1980–2011: A Focused Review of Paradigms and Progress, James F. Fries, Bonnie Bruce, and Eliza Chakravarty reassert the same conclusion and buttress it with more recent studies.

I really like most everything else they assert, derive or conclude in that book- which I would like to talk about in a different post. However, I am personally not sold on this idea of fixed life-span.

It makes me quite uncomfortable. Yeah, you guessed it. After all, my goal is to purposely live to 120!

What do you think?

Have you seen any data, studies or analysis that contradicts this theory about fixed life-span?

Post #3 – Is it even possible to live to 120?

16 Sunday Mar 2014

Posted by in Dying, Life-Span, Living to 120

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When I bring it up to friends and family members that I am planning to live to 120 years, the kinds of questions and/or comments I get are:

“Wow, that is pretty gutsy to think that you can live to 120.”

“Why do you want to live that long?”

“I would probably not be around past 85.”

“I would not want to be around that long. It would be no fun. All
my contemporaries would all be gone.”

“My money won’t last that long.”

“What is the longest any one has lived?”

“How many people have lived over 100, 110, or 115?”

As I started wondering about these, I thought maybe I would start from the bottom of the list. Those questions certainly look easier.

So, what is the recent record of longevity for humans?

Wikipedia has some real good pages summarizing this information, for example, you can start with Oldest People and  Super Centenarian.

1500 supercentenarians (those over 110) have been documented in history. There are 30 verified over 115 year olds.

The oldest ever lived was Jeanne Calment from France who died on 4 August 1997 at the age of 122 years, 164 days. Sarah Knauss from the United States came closest to 120; she died on 30 December 1999 at the age of 119 years and 97 days. Two died at 117 years, and five at 116 years.

The oldest currently living is Misao Okawa in Japan at the age of 116 years and 11 days. She is the 10th oldest so far.

In 2012, the UN estimated there to be 316,600 centenarians (over 100) living worldwide. The US has the highest number (53,364 per the 2010 Centenarian Special Report ). Per the report:

“In the period from 1980 to 2010, the centenarian population experienced a larger percentage increase than did the total population. The number of centenarians increased from 32,194 to 53,364, resulting in a 65.8% increase, while the total population increased 36.3 percent. Consequently, the centenarian population increased from 1.42 per 10,000 in 1980 to 1.73 per 10,000 in 2010.”

As an optimist, when I look at this data, it looks very encouraging to me. First, it is definitely viable to live to 120. It has already been done! Like the four-minute mile, someone has already shown the way.

Second, an increasing number of people are approaching that age with an increasing rate. So, at this rate, by the time my time arrives, dying at 120 will be as routine as dying at 100 today! It might not be very common, but it might not be that rare.

What do you think? How do you see these statistics?

Post #2 – So, how do we die?

15 Saturday Mar 2014

Posted by in Causes of Death, Dying, Living to 120

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So, how do people die?

Setting aside the very first question for now, i.e. what is the object of this game

of life? – which can be an interesting trip down the rabbit hole.

Let us ponder on how do people die?

First, the simple answer: I just look up the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics or US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) data and listed there are the leading causes of death. Of course, the causes vary by demographics.

In 2010, the latest year for which we have complete statistics in the US, 2,468,435 people died. Here are deaths from all the causes and the number and percent from each cause:
1. 597,689 24.2% Diseases of the Heart (heart disease)
2. 574,743 23.3% Malignant neoplasm (cancer)
3. 138,080 5.6% Chronic lower respiratory disease
4. 129,476 5.2% Cerebrovascular diseases (stroke)
5. 120,859 5.2% Accidents (unintentional injuries)
6. 83,494 3.4% Alzheimer’s disease
7. 83,494 2.8% Diabetes Mellitus (diabetes)
8. 50,476 2.0% Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis (kidney disease)
9. 50,097 2.0% Influenza and pneumonia
10. 38,364 1.6% Intentional self-harm (suicide)
11. 34,812 1.4% Septicemia (blood infection)
12. 31,903 1.3% Cirrhosis (liver disease)
13. 26,634 1.1% Hypertension & hypertensive diseases (high blood pressure)
14. 22,032 0.9% Parkinson’s disease
15. 17,011 0.7% Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids
16. 438,694 19.6% All other causes ( including “natural causes”)

So, there you have it!

Except, that this data begs several questions,

First, what are “All other causes”? That category is large enough to be the third largest cause of death.

Some of these causes show up when we look at the top mortality causes for low income nations: HIV/AIDS, malaria, diarrhea, tuberculosis, all causes of infant mortality, malnutrition, cholera, meningitis, sexually transmitted infection, etc.

I still have not found a good source of raw data for the US, so I can comb through all causes. After all, it would be useful to know all reasons, when shooting for longevity. Do you have a good source of such data?

Second, what does it mean to die of “old age” or of “natural causes”?

One common answer I have seen cited repeatedly is that all old age (or “natural”) deaths are really caused by traumatic events (may be from the above list) that prove fatal due to body’s inability to recover,

Does someone have another answer to this question?